China Tightens Grip on Rare Earths to Ensure ‘Industrial Security’

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What’s new: China has rolled out new rules that tighten its control on its rare earth supply chain, as the country seeks to ensure the security of its natural resources while boosting the industry crucial to the green transition.

No organization or individual may “encroach upon or destroy” rare earth resources that belong to the state, according to the regulation released by the State Council, China’s cabinet, on Saturday.

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China introduced new regulations to control its rare earth supply chain, effective October 1, including a tracing system for such products.
Companies involved in rare earth activities must record and report product details, with violations leading to fines, license revocation, or criminal penalties.
The changes come amid global trade tensions, with China producing 68% of global rare earth products, critical for new-energy vehicles and wind turbines.

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What Happened When

2023：: China banned the export of a range of rare-earth technologies.

2024-05：: Washington announced tariff hikes on $18 billion worth of Chinese imports, including a proposed 25% tariff on permanent magnets to take effect in 2026-01.